Page 63 - الكيمياء كتاب الطالب للصف 11 الفصل 1

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¹Ò¹R:9 E b : ± E ; ± E=:9 ´C 920

¹±b: ± ÎÛb „ –E b14 ± ´C R: ± ´ C6 C Õ jb0 Ò –E=gC=:=8 ± ´ C6 ± ` R= d d946 ± ¹Ò¹R: ±

ÓR ­ ´ C6 ¹b Ò D ] ºÒ ˜C<=9 Îb0 ± ¹±R: ± E C; ± ¹±b: ± c ¯ C<4=: E9 C6 : ± ¹P b :Actual yield
ÎC: ± ÏP4 C:Û » Ò­ ¥E C; ± Ò­ E9 C6 : ± ¹±b: ± W4 P7 E= C8 ¯ Ò­ ¥a 6 F b ± d µP ³¹C: ± E9 Ò­ ´„b
Îb0 ± _ d ± E C; ±
©^ C6 ± ` E=946 ± E C; ± ¹±b: ± E=: E R4 Z=2 û= `8 ˜^ C6 ± µÒP
˜E R ± ` C<=9
E=:8 ± ²C ` P „ –ÏC C ^ C6 ` E=946 ± E C; ± ¹±b: ± E=: P P `8: c ÔR3; ± ¹Ò¹R: ±

b Actual yield d946 ± ¹Ò¹RêC ˜E=gC=:=8 ± ´C C ± E C b E C; ± ¹±b:9 E R3; ± b :Predicted yield
¹Ò¹Rê± CÛ ­ ˜E R ± ` C<=9 Îb0 ± Û_ d ± E C; ± ³¹C: ± E9 Ò­ “´„b ¹P ’ E=: E9 Ò­ ´„b ¹P
d ± E C; ± ³¹C: ±
Îb0 ± Û_ d ± E C; ± ³¹C: ± “E9 Ò­ ´„b ¹P ’ E=: b< Theoritical yield ÔR3; ±
C<=9 Îb0 ± _
³¹C: ± Э c;4: –E= C E C ¹±b ÐÛb8 ÏP ÎC d E=gC=:=8 ± ´C C ± ` C<=9 E ¹C4: ± ´C C `

˜E C ³¹C c ¯ ÏC ^8/ F b P ³¹P : ± E9 C6 : ± ˜E Ò¼b: ± E=gC=:=8 ±

¹Ò¹R:9 E b : ± E ; ± ²C E C; ± ³¹C:9 ÔR3; ±Ò d946 ± ` عҹR: ± E »C7 `8: Ò

E »C7 E9 C6 : ± ¹±b: ± ` C<=9 F90 E;Û=4 E C ³¹C »±P7 ` R 4 d ± Yield
_<
Û
˜C<=9 Îb0 ± ];8: d ± E R3; ± E=:8 C
Û
E b : ± E ; ± P4
d946 ± ¹Ò¹R: ± E b 7 d946 ± ¹Ò¹R:9
100(%) × § (%) ¹Ò¹R:9 E b : ± E ; ± c ¯ F9jÒ ±º¯ CÕÛ=9:
ÔR3; ± ¹Ò¹R: ±
±º¯ ³¼C : Ðb8 Ò 70%
˜90% ´P4

ÎC

¹±b: ± ^ ϱP C ¹Ò¹R:9 E b : ± E ; ± ²C
(AlCl ) ` ((3 × 35.5) + 27) × 2 H ;Ù (Al) ` 2 × 27 g ˜E9 C6 : ±
3
(AlCl ) ` 267 g H ;Ù (Al) ` 54 g ¤Ð­ Ô­
3 ^ C6 –(AlCl ) Ïb=; b M± P »b9 ` E;= F Û b8 ˜›š
3
F Ûb8 d ± Ïb=; b M± P »b9 E9 D ± ¤œ ³b2 ± ` WgC Z (Al) Ïb=; b M± Ìb ` 18 g
˜Ïb=; b M± ` 18 g ` Ïb=; b M± P »b9 E9 F59 P Ò –(Cl ) »b98 ±
2
¤H ;Ù (Al) ` 18 g ¹Ò¹R: E b : ± E ; ± D ± ˜71.0 g E C; ±
18 Ïb=; b M± P »b9
267 × = 89.0 g (AlCl )
3
54
˜¹Ò¹R:9 E b : ± E ; ± D ± ¤ ³b2 ± 2Al(s) + 3Cl (g) ĺ 2AlCl (s)
3
2
71.0 ¤ Û ^'±
× 100 = 79.8 %
89.0
P »b9 c ¯ ÏC ^8/ Ïb=; b M± ÎÛb ±º¯ ¤› ³b2 ±

P »b98 E4Û b : ± E9 8 ± D C –Ïb=; b M±
dgC=:=8 ± D C; ± ϱP C Ïb=; b M±
˜E ¹C4:9

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