Page 55 - الكيمياء كتاب الطالب للصف 11 الفصل 1

z yfy^a 5 j a 6% £ yi a -%ra

_94 ± ˱P ­

¤C< P Ò E= Š± ´C 920: ± Ë Û R4 ›-œ
Ë
Ò»¹C b ­ F C «bh d Îb: ± •
E= S ±Ò E= ÒM± [=0 ± •
C
˜E= S ± [=0 ±Ò E= ÒM± [=0 ± ¹C ˆ Îb: ± Ïb<6 CÕ P Ù E= C ± ´C=9:4 ± ÔR œ-œ

Ù
CÕ
C
`
^:/ “´„¹C4: ±Ò [=0 ± ` ’ E9 C6 : ± ^ 8 ± ` Û :1 ÔQ ± Îb: ± Ïb<6 CÕ P Ù E= C ± ´C=9:4 ± ÔR -œ

CÕ
` Û
Ù
¤P P
=
= Û
E=946 ± ´C= Û :8 ± •
¹Ò¹R:9 E b : ± E ; ± •
E=9 8 ± E b : ± E ; ± • e
˜´±¼C5 ± Ïb ` Û :1 ÔQ ± Îb: ± Ïb<6 CÕ P Ù E= C ± ´C=9:4 ± ÔR ž-œ
`
C

Ù
` Û
CÕ
C
˜C S= ±R Ò ^= C : ± Ïb ` Û :1 ÔQ ± Îb: ± Ïb<6 CÕ P Ù E= C ± ´C=9:4 ± ÔR Ÿ-œ
`

` Û
Ù
CÕ
g
Ÿ-œÒ ž-œÒ -œÒ œ-œ d C: ´C C ± ` E=gC=:=8 ± RjC;4 ± ¹C Û ± D ; E2 R: ± ´C 4 ± H ; -œ

³P Ø b ± E ±»P ­P Э ^
©] º d ]4 \6 ^ ˜L c ¯ mL ` Ò –mL c ¯ L ` ½C=7 ± ´±P Ò ÎÛb û= ]9= S ·R ± ˜›
Î
ÎÛ
–´±¼C59 d b: ± _ ± –S= R ± –E= ; ± E »Q ± E9 8 ± –Îb: ± ¤E= Š± E=gC=:=8 ± ´C 920: ± ]g ¼ Z U C ˜œ

Û
=
˜`=Ø= C=7 ± X51 ±Ò ³»±R ± E »¹
=Ø
E9 8 ±
§ ´„b: ± ¹P ¤^ Îb: ± ´C C d E2 R: ± E=hC R ± ´C 4 ± R Q ± ˜
E= b: ± E9 8 ±
Ô»C=4: ± Ò­ d C=7 ± ¶ºb:; ± ¤`== Š± `= 920: C ¹b07: ± _<6 F R ˆ± E8 d G ± Ò­ ]g S `4 ± ˜ž
=
= Ø
˜significant figures E b;4: ± ÏC »M±Ò standard form
C< C= `:h Ïb94 ±
–^=: ± ´±R1 Ò –û=3; ± ¹±b ^ ´C ;: ± ` w¹b M± D Q ±ƒ X6; ± ¶±R ±
˜ÓR M± ´C ;: ± ` R= 8 ±Ò E= ±»S ± ¹±b: ±Ò –E Ò¹M±Ò ÐC: E;29 d E=gC=:=8 ± ´C C;0 ±
d Ò –¼C5 ±Ò X6; ± ` ´C= C= ± ÐC: E;29 ]9 :
Û_ G= ˜CÕ= b ^= R Ðb=9 ²»C7 C ¶C ¯ c9 ³»¹C CÕ C
´C7 / c ¯ R Š± a14 ^ b Û_ Ò –a14 R P0
R R8 d C0 d d S ± R=27 ± ϱP C E=26
d E= Ò­ ¹±b: Ò­ –¹b b a ±P ± _ = –E= C:4 ± X6; ±
˜E= C:4 ± E=gC=:= ÒR ± ´C C;0 ±

4
´C C;0 ± ` R= 89 CÕ; b E= C;0 ± »C j E; P ÛP4Ù 4
C
C
H ;Ù º¯ ˜ÓR M± E=gC=:=8 ± ´C C;0 ±Ò –E=gC=:= ÒR ±
;
;
=
=
´±R:= b ± ` E: h ´C= Û : Û ÏC ± X6; ± E C4 E=9:
ogýmgdgbTÐ ÓmKmeZTÐ ^< ¼ ½ ÒڍZTÐ –polypropene `= ÒR d b ±Ò e polyethene `= ¯ d b ± ^
e
ogKmeZTÐ ÚmœÉ oewzX Q P P4 ± Z=;0 ÏP Ù E=gC=:= ¹±b R= b c ¯ E Ch¯

Ÿ