Page 123 - الأحياء كتاب الطالب للصف 11 الفصل 2
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                                                                                                        h   1a   •¿œ
                          :E= б ûgC b ± Z  a = R  D C;  Ò –Ôb  ± ˅5 ± Z  Ô»ÒP ± ¼C<  ± ÐC  ˆ± P;  ´±¼C5 ± ιC   ¼C<  X R

                                                                      .a   P Ò T6;  ± «C; ­ _   ± ^ P  ÔQ ± «±b< ± û=3;   Ă
                                             .Ôb  ± ˅5 ±Ò ÏP ± `=  Ðb R8 ± P=  ­ d C Ò `=   M± »C/  ± N2  E C   ³¹C ¼  Ă
                                                                                              .»C/  „± ±Q  E C   ^=97   Ă
                                                                        .»C/  „± ±Q<  E= C8 ± S= R  ± ´±»P ;  c9  ÂC6  ±  Ă
                    ´C;gC8 ± d  `=   M± R/ ;  .T6; 9  `=   MC  ¹ÛÒS  ± c ¯ EÛ=  ± ´C;gC8 ± _34  ¶C
                                                                                                      E=:9  ´C 920
                    C …  ± ¶»C  ¹b b: ± ^gC  ± `  EÛ=9  ± N2  «C/  R   ³R C   EÛ=9  ± EÛ ¹C ­ EÛ=  ±
                    –ÐC  ˆC  –C …  ± ³¹P4   EÛ=  ± ´C;gC8 ± d  C …  ± _34  `8 Ò .ϼ… b =  ± c ¯        ´±¼C  ιC   N2

                    ´C;gC89  –] Q  .`=   MC  C<;  ¹ÛÒS   d  ± EÛ= »C  ± E =  ± `  ³P=4  E C   c9  P b   :Gas exchange surface
                                                                                                    `gC8 ± _   `  «S  Ô­
                    Э `8:  –V0    Gas exchange surface ´±¼C  ιC   N2  C …  ± ³¹P4   EÛ=  ±
                                                                                                       ÎC7  CÊ  NÊ:   dÊ  ±
                    P=  ­ d C  R/ ;  `=  d  –_   ± ^ ±¹ c ¯ E2= : ± E =  ± `  `=   M± ÑR   R/ ;
                                                                                                        EÊ =  ± `=Ê  ´±¼C5 ±
                                                                         ._   ± ¶»C  c ¯ Ðb R8 ±
                                                                                                   µP   ._   ±Ò E2= : ±

                                                                               õØ gR ± D= R        N2  R   ´±¼C5 ± ιC
                                                                                                   EÛ=  ± ´C;gC8 ± W4  _

                    pleural  “D;  ±  E=/ ­’  ±»b9  ±  E=/ ?   E C    Ô»P0 ±  û b   ±  d   ÐC gR ±  P b
                                                                                                   E C   E  ;  û0   d  ±
                    `  ³R=5j EÛ=:  c9  SÛ=  ± ±Q  Ôb    .̅ ˆ± _8   S=   X=   d  ± –membranes
                                                                                                   .³R=   _   ± c ¯ N2  ±
                         .Ãb91 ±Ò S C  ± ²C   ± E R  ^46  `= gR ± E b<  P;  ÍC8  „± Z;:  ^g±b  ±        ´±º EÛ=  ± ´C;gC8 CÊ

                                                                    “­’                               C< P  ³R=50 ± D ; ±
                                  pöhýЎgUÐ p˜[bUÐ
                                                                                                    ιC    E00    N2 ­
                                                                                                    d  `=Ø gR ± ^   ´±¼C5 ±
                                 pöhýЎw p˜_I                                                       d  _= C=  ±Ò ´C= P  ±
                                                                         odbUÐ
                                                                                                               .ÍC: M±
                      âŽd\UÐ Œh= pöh=Úí ÓĆ\L
                           pöhýngi pöhýЎw p˜h_I                         î}—hUÐ pý}UÐ

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