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    <pre style="white-space:pre-line"><code>IÃ³MÆ’dG QOÃ‰Â°Ã¼e

                                                                        : Ã¡Â«HÃ´Â©dG â„¢LGÃ´ÂªdG

                        . Â¿Ã‰Ã¦Ã‘d Ã¡Ã‘Ã Î¼e , Ã¡Â«fÃ‰Ã£dG Ã¡Â©Ã‘Â£dG , (Î©1985) IÃ´Â°Ã¹Â«Å¸G Ã¡Â«ÂªâˆÂ©dG Ã¡YÆ’Â°SÆ’Å¸G -1
                      . Â¿Ã‰Ã¦Ã‘d Ã¡Ã‘Ã Î¼e , Â¤hCâ€™G Ã¡Â©Ã‘Â£dG , (Î©1998) Ã¡âˆeÃ‰Â°Ã»dG Ã¡Â«ÂªâˆÂ©dG Ã¡YÆ’Â°SÆ’ÂªdG -2

                                . Â¿Ã‰ÂªY Ã¡Ã¦Â£âˆÂ°S , (Î©2004) Ã´Â°TÃ‰Â©dG âˆžÂ°Ã¼âˆd AÃ‰jÃµÂ«Ã˜dG ÃœÃ‰Ã c -3
                           . Â¿Ã‰ÂªY Ã¡Ã¦Â£âˆÂ°S , (Î©2001) Ã´Â°Ã»Y â€¦OÃ‰â—ŠG âˆžÂ°Ã¼âˆd AÃ‰jÃµÂ«Ã˜dG ÃœÃ‰Ã c -4
         . IÃ´gÃ‰â‰¤dG , â„¢jRÆ’Ã dGh Ã´Â°Ã»Ã¦âˆd Ã¡Â«dhÃ³dG QGÃ³dG , AÃ‰jÃµÂ«Ã˜dG Ã¤Ã‰Â«Â°SÃ‰Â°SGC , (Î©1994) Â¢TÆ’H . Â± -5

                                                                       : Ã¡Â«Ã‘Ã¦Lâ€™C G â„¢LGÃ´ÂªdG
 1. Drew, M. C. , Arthur, B.(2002). Standard Grade Physics , Hodder Gibson.

 2. Gue D. ( 2004 ) . Science Focus 10 , Science Technology Socety, Canada : Mc
     Graw Hill Ryerson .

 3. Mark, E. C.(2000). Electricity and Thermal Physics , Nelson Advenced
     Science.

 4. Grace E. & others . (2000) . Science Power 10 , Science Technology Society
     .Environment . Canada : McGraw Hill Ryerson .

 Websites :

 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal-energy.
 http://hyerphysics.phy-astr-gsu-edu/hbase/kinetic/eqpar.html#.

225</code></pre>
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