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        <div id="content-top1">Page 168 - ulum_g10</div>
        <div id="content-top2">P. 168</div>
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    <pre style="white-space:pre-line"><code>Ã¡cÃ´M Ã¡bÃ‰W Ã¤OGR Ã‰ÂªâˆÎ¼a , ÂºÂ°Ã¹Ã·G âˆ‚dP Ã¤Ã‰Ã„jÃµL Ã¡cÃ´M Ã¡bÃ‰Â£H IÃ´Â°TÃ‰Ã‘e Ã¡Â£Ã‘JÃ´e ÂºÂ°Ã¹L â€¦CG IQGÃ´M
 Â¤GE IOÃ‰e Ã¸e Ã¡jQGÃ´â—ŠG Ã¡bÃ‰Â£dG âˆ«Ã‰â‰¤Ã fG Ã‰Â¡fÃ‰C H Î©Æ’Â«dG Â±Ã´Â©J IQGÃ´â—ŠG Â¿Ã‰E a Â¬Ã¦eh .ÂºÂ°Ã¹Ã·G âˆ‚dP IQGÃ´M Ã¤OGR Ã¤Ã‰Ã„jÃµÃ·G

                                         .Ã¡jQGÃ´â—ŠG Ã¡bÃ‰Â£dG Ã¡ÂªâˆÎ¼H IQGÃ´â—ŠG Ã¡Âªâˆc Ã¢dÃ³Ã‘Ã Â°SG Ã³bh .iÃ´NGC
 (Internal Energy) Ã¡Â«âˆNGÃ³dG Ã¡bÃ‰Â£dG ÂºÂ°Ã¹Ã·G Ã¤Ã‰Ã„jÃµL â„¢Â«ÂªÃ· â„¢Â°VÆ’dGh Ã¡cÃ´â—ŠG Ã¡bÃ‰W Â´Æ’Âªâ€º â‰ˆâˆY â‰¥âˆÂ£jh
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 Â¢Ã¹Î¼Â©dGh Ã‰Â©e Ã‰ÂªgÃ“c hCG ,Â¬JÃ‰Ã„jÃµÃ· â„¢Â°VÆ’dG Ã¡bÃ‰W Ã‰eGE h , Ã¡cÃ´â—ŠG Ã¡bÃ‰W IOÃ‰jR â‰¥jÃ´W Ã¸Y Ã‰eGE ÂºÂ°Ã¹Ã©âˆd Ã¡Â«âˆNGÃ³dG
 , ÂºÂ°Ã¹Ã·G âˆ‚dP â€˜ Ã¤Ã‰Ã„jÃµÃ·Gh Ã¤GQÃ²âˆd Ã¡Â«FGÆ’Â°Ã»Â©dG Ã¡cÃ´â—ŠÃ‰H Ã¡Â£Ã‘JÃ´e Ã‰e ÂºÂ°Ã¹Ã· Ã¡jQGÃ´â—ŠG Ã¡bÃ‰Â£dG Â¿GE ÃšM â€˜ , Ã­Â«Ã«Â°U

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 Â¿CG Â¤EG Ï€Â°UÆ’Ã dG Ã³Â©Hh .(Cal) Ã‰Â¡d ÃµeQh IQGÃ´â—ŠG Ã¡Â«ÂªÎ¼d Â¢SÃ‰Â«b IÃ³MÆ’c Ã‰â‰¤HÃ‰Â°S (Calori) Ã´Â©Â°Ã¹dG Î©Ã³Ã®Ã Â°SG
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                           . Cal = 4.186 J : Ã¡Â«Â°VÃ‰jÃ´dG Ã¡bÃ“Â©dG Î©GÃ³Ã®Ã Â°SG â‰¥jÃ´W Ã¸Y Â¢Ã¹Î¼Â©dG hCG

                                                         Temperature IQGÃ´â—ŠG Ã¡LQO

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Â¿EÃ‰a â„¢bGÆ’dG â€˜ Ã¸Î¼dh .(Ã¤Ã‰Ã„jÃµÃ·G â„¢Â«ÂªÃ· â„¢Â°VÆ’dGh Ã¡cÃ´â—ŠG Ã¡bÃ‰W Â´Æ’Âªâ€º) ÂºÂ°Ã¹Ã©âˆd Ã¡Â«âˆNGÃ³dG Ã¡bÃ‰Â£dG Â»Ã¦Â©J

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Ï€Â«âˆb OÃ³Yh , Ã¡Â«dÃ‰Y Ã¡YÃ´Â°Ã¹H âˆ‘Ã´Ã«Ã j Ã‰Â¡JÃ‰Ã„jÃµL Ã¸e Ï€Â«âˆb OÃ³Y IÃ³MGÆ’dG IOÃ‰Å¸G â€˜h .Ã¡Ã˜âˆÃ ï¬‚ Ã¤Ã‰YÃ´Â°Ã¹Hh Ã¡Ã˜âˆÃ ï¬‚
Ã¤Ã‰Ã„jÃµÃ·G Ã¡YÃ´Â°S Ã¤OGR Ã‰Âªâˆch .Ã¡Â£Â°SÆ’Ã e Ã¡YÃ´Â°Ã¹H âˆ‘Ã´Ã«Ã J Ã‰Â¡JÃ‰Ã„jÃµL Ã¡Â«Ã‘dÃ‰Zh , Ã¡Â°â€ Ã˜Ã®Ã¦e Ã¡YÃ´Â°Ã¹H âˆ‘Ã´Ã«Ã j Ã‰Â°â€ jCG
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                                                 : Ã¸e Ï€c Î©Æ’Â¡Ã˜e ÃšH Â¿QÃ‰b
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                 (10-6) Ï€Î¼Â°Ã»dG

167</code></pre>
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