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        <div id="content-top1">Page 164 - ulum_g10</div>
        <div id="content-top2">P. 164</div>
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    <pre style="white-space:pre-line"><code>QÃ‰f Ã³Â«dÆ’Ã d ÂºÃ«Ã˜dG Â¢SÃ‰Ã¦dG Â¥GÃ´MEG Ã³Ã¦Y Ã“Ã£Âªa , Ã¡Â«ÂªâˆÂ©dG â‰¥FÃ‰â‰¤â—ŠG Ã¸e Ã³jÃ³Â©dG âˆžÂ°Ã»c Â¤GE iOCG Ã¡fÃ‰â‰¤Ã dG QÆ’Â£J
 .Â¬fÃ‰Â«âˆZ Ï€Ã‘b AÃ‰Å¸G ÂºÃ©M Ã¸e ÃˆcCG Å“Ã‰Ã¦dG QÃ‰Ã®Ã‘dG ÂºÃ©M Â¿CG h , GQÃ‰Ã®H Ã³dÆ’j Â»âˆÂ¨Å¸G AÃ‰Å¸G Â¿CG GÆ’Â¶Mâ€™ AÃ‰Å¸G Â»âˆÂ¨d
 Ã³bh ,â„¢Ã˜JÃ´j Â¬Â£Â¨Â°V Â¿CG OÃ³ÂªÃ j Â»c Â¬d âˆ«Ã‰Ã›G Ã¬Ã‰Â°Ã¹aGE Î©Ã³Yh â‰¥Â«Â°V Â¿Ã‰Î¼e â€˜ QÃ‰Ã®Ã‘dG ÃµÃ©M Ã³Ã¦Y GÆ’Â¶Mâ€™ Ã‰Âªc
 Ã¡dBâ€™G QÃ‰Â°Ã»Ã fÃ‰Hh .ÃšHQÆ’Ã dG IQGOâ€™E h Ã‰k HÃ‰jEGh Ã‰HÃ‰gP Â¢Ã¹Ã‘Î¼Å¸G âˆ‚jÃ´Ã«Ã d â„¢Ã˜JÃ´Å¸G Â§Â¨Â°â€ dG GÃ²g Â¿Æ’YÃŽÄ±G Î©Ã³Ã®Ã Â°SG

                .Ã‰Â¡Ã Â©Â«Ã‘Wh IQGÃ´â—ŠG Ã¡Â«gÃ‰e âˆ«Æ’M AÃ‰ÂªâˆÂ©dG âˆ«Æ’Â°â€ a OGR Â»HhQhCâ€™G â„Ã‰Â©dG AÃ‰LQCG â€˜ Ã¡jQÃ‰Ã®Ã‘dG

                                       IQGÃ´Ã«âˆd Ã¡Â«ÂªâˆÂ©dG Ã¤Ã‰jÃ´Â¶Ã¦dG 2-6

 Ã‰Â¡Ã‘Â«cÃ´Jh IOÃ‰Å¸G Â¿Æ’d Ã’Â¨J hCG ÂºÂ°Ã¹Ã·G IQGÃ´M Ã¡LQO â„¢aQ : Ã‰Â¡Ã¦e OGÆ’Å¸G â‰ˆâˆY Ã¡Ã˜âˆÃ ï¬‚ Ã¤GÃ’KCÃ‰J IQGÃ´Ã«âˆd
 :Ã‰Â¡Ã¦e IQGÃ´â—ŠG Ã¡Â«gÃ‰e Ã’Â°Ã¹Ã˜Ã d Ã¤Ã‰jÃ´Â¶f IÃ³Y Ã¤OQh Ã³bh .iÃ´NCG Â¤EG Ã¡dÃ‰M Ã¸e IOÃ‰Å¸G âˆ«Æ’â€“ Ã³bh , Â»FÃ‰Â«ÂªÂ«Î¼dG

                                    The Caloric Theory â€¦QGÃ´â—ŠG âˆ«Ã‰Â«Â°Ã¹dG Ã¡jÃ´Â¶f -1
âˆ«Ã‰Â«Â°Ã¹dÃ‰H IOÃ‰Å¸G âˆšÃ²g Ã¢Â«ÂªÂ°S Ã³bh , IOÃ‰Å¸G âˆ«Ã‰Î¼Â°TCG Ã¸e Ï€Î¼Â°T IQGÃ´â—ŠG Â¿CÃ‰H Ã´Â°Ã»Y Ã¸eÃ‰Ã£dG Â¿Ã´â‰¤dG AÃ‰ÂªâˆY Ã³â‰¤Ã YG
Ã¡ÃÃ³Y Ã¡âˆFÃ‰Â°S IOÃ‰e Ã¸Y IQÃ‰Ã‘Y (â€¦QGÃ´â—ŠG âˆ«Ã‰Â«Â°Ã¹dG) IQGÃ´â—ŠG Â¿CÃ‰H GhÃ³â‰¤Ã YGh.(Caloric) âˆ‚jQÆ’dÃ‰Î¼dG hCG â€¦QGÃ´â—ŠG
âˆ«Ã‰Â«Â°Ã¹dG Ã¸e ÃˆcCG QGÃ³â‰¤e â‰ˆâˆY iÆ’Ã Ã«j â€¦Ã²dG Æ’g Ã¸Ã®Â°SCâ€™G ÂºÂ°Ã¹Ã·Gh .Ã¡Ã¦NÃ‰Â°Ã¹dG Î©Ã‰Â°Ã¹LCâ€™G â€˜ IOÆ’LÆ’e Ã¡âˆÃ Î¼dG
Ã¡LQO OGOÃµÃ a Ã¡fÆ’Ã®Â°S Ï€bCâ€™G ÂºÂ°Ã¹Ã·G Â¤GE Ã¸NÃ‰Â°Ã¹dG QÃ³Â°Ã¼Å¸G Ã¸e â‰¥aÃ³Ã J IOÃ‰Âªc â€¦QGÃ´â—ŠG âˆ«Ã‰Â«Â°Ã¹dG Â¿CGh , â€¦QGÃ´â—ŠG
Ã¸e OÆ’â‰¤Ã˜Å¸G â€¦QGÃ´â—ŠG âˆ«Ã‰Â«Â°Ã¹dG QGÃ³â‰¤e Â¿CG Ã‰Âªc , â€¦QGÃ´â—ŠG âˆ«Ã‰Â«Â°Ã¹dG Ã³â‰¤Ã˜j Â¬fÃ‰E a ÂºÂ°Ã¹Ã·G OÃˆj Ã‰eÃ³Ã¦Yh .Â¬JQGÃ´M
Â¿Ã‰E a âˆ‚dP â‰ˆâˆYh .Ã¡fÆ’Ã®Â°S Ï€bCâ€™G ÂºÂ°Ã¹Ã·G Ï€Ã‘b Ã¸e Ã–Â°Ã¹Ã Î¼Å¸G â€¦QGÃ´â—ŠG âˆ«Ã‰Â«Â°Ã¹dG QGÃ³â‰¤e â€¦hÃ‰Â°Ã¹j Ã¸NÃ‰Â°Ã¹dG QÃ³Â°Ã¼Å¸G
.(â€¦QGÃ´â—ŠG âˆ«Ã‰Â«Â°Ã¹dG) IQGÃ´â—ŠÃ‰H Î©Ã‰Â°Ã¹LCâ€™G OhÃµj Â»Î¼d Ã¸NÃ‰Â°Ã¹dG QÃ³Â°Ã¼Å¸G OÆ’Lh Â¢VÃŽÃ˜J â€¦QGÃ´â—ŠG âˆ«Ã‰Â«Â°Ã¹dG Ã¡jÃ´Â¶f

   â€¦QGÃ´â—ŠG âˆ«Ã‰Â«Â°Ã¹dG Ã¡jÃ´Â¶f AÆ’Â°V â€˜ Â»Ã¦Ã£dG â„¢Â°VÆ’e Ã³Ã¦Y IQGÃ´â—ŠG Ã³dÆ’J IÃ´gÃ‰X Ã’Â°Ã¹Ã˜J âˆ‚Ã¦Î¼Ã Ï€g
                   . âˆ‚Ã HÃ‰LGE Ã´Â°Ã¹a ? Ã¤GÃ´e IÃ³Y ÃšÂ°Ã¹cÃ‰Â©Ã e ÃšgÃ‰Å’G â€˜ ÃŠÃ³Â©e âˆ‚âˆÂ°S â‰ˆÃ¦Ã£jo Ã‰eÃ³Ã¦Y

                                                                          â„¢ÂªÃ Ã›Gh ÂºâˆÂ©dG

  Ã¡Â«FÃ‰jÃµÂ«Ã˜dG Ã´gGÆ’Â¶dG Ã¸e Ã³jÃ³Â©dG Ã’Â°Ã¹Ã˜J (Caloric âˆ‚jQÆ’dÃ‰Î¼dG) â€¦QGÃ´â—ŠG âˆ«Ã‰Â«Â°Ã¹dG Ã¡jÃ´Â¶f â„¢Â£Ã Â°Ã¹J â„
  Ã¤GÃ³MÆ’dG Ã³jÃ³Ã«Ã d GÃ²g Ã‰Ã¦eÆ’j â€˜ Î©Ã³Ã®Ã Â°Ã¹j âˆ«GR Ã‰e ' â€¦QÆ’dÃ‰Î¼dG ' Ã­âˆÂ£Â°Ã¼e Â¿CG â€™EG ,IQGÃ´â—ŠÃ‰H Ã¡â‰¤âˆÂ©Ã Å¸G
  âˆ«Ã‰Ã™G â€˜ Â¢Ã¹WÃ‰Â£Ã‘dG Â¢SÃ‰Â«cCGh Î©Ã‰Â©Â£dG Ã–âˆY Â¤EG Ã¤Ã´Â¶f GPEÃ‰a , Ã‰Ã¦FGÃ²Z â€˜ Ã¡Î¼âˆÂ¡Ã Â°Ã¹Å¸G Ã¡bÃ‰Â£dG Ã¸e Ã¡jQGÃ´â—ŠG
  IOÃ‰Å¸G Ã–Â«cÃ´J â€˜ Ã¡âˆNGÃ³dG Ã¡Â«FGÃ²Â¨dG Ã´Â°UÃ‰Ã¦Â©dG Ã¤Ã‰Â«Âªc âˆ‚d OÃ³â€“ Ã‰Â¡H Ã¤Ã‰fÆ’Î¼Å¸G Ã¡ÂªFÃ‰b Â¿CG Ã³Ã©Ã Â°S Ã¡jQÃ‰Ã©Ã dG
  .â€¦QÆ’dÃ‰Î¼dG IÃ³MÆ’H Ã¡jÃ²ZCâ€™G âˆšÃ²g Ã‰Â¡H âˆ‘OhÃµJ Â»Ã dG Ã¡bÃ‰Â£dG QGÃ³â‰¤Å¸ Ã¡aÃ‰Â°Vâ€™E Ã‰H , (g) Î©GÃ´Â¨dG IÃ³MÆ’H Ã¡Â«FGÃ²Â¨dG

163</code></pre>
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