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        <div id="content-top1">Page 145 - ulum_g10</div>
        <div id="content-top2">P. 145</div>
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    <pre style="white-space:pre-line"><code>Â¤GE âˆžÂ°VCG ÂºK ,Ã¡â‰¤HÃ‰`Â°Ã¹dG Ï€`Â«dÃ‰Ã™G Ã¸`e â€™Æ’âˆï¬ Â±Æ’Å’ Ï€c â€˜ hCG QÃ‰Ã‘Ã NG ÃœÆ’Ã‘fCG Ï€c â€˜ â„¢Â°V
.(Î©Æ’Â«Â°Ã¹dÃ‰Î¼dG Ã¤Ã‰fÆ’jCG â€¦Æ’Ã Ã«j â€¦Ã²dG ÃœÆ’Ã‘fCâ€™G AÃ‰Ã¦Ã£Ã Â°SÃ‰H) Î©Æ’Â«Â°Ã¹dÃ‰Î¼dG Ã¸e Ã¡Â©Â£b âˆ«Æ’âˆï¬ Ï€c
,ÃœÆ’Ã‘fCG Ï€c â€˜ Â»FÃ‰Â«ÂªÂ«c Ï€YÃ‰Ã˜J Ã§hÃ³M â‰ˆâˆY âˆ«Ã³jh Ã§Ã³Ã«j Â¿CG Ã¸Î¼Ã Ã’Â¨J â€¦CG ÃŸMâ€™
Â¿Ã‰Î¼Å¸G â€˜ ( * ) IQÃ‰Â°TGE â„¢Â°Vh , âˆ«hÃ³Ã·G â€˜ âˆ‚dÃ²d Ï€HÃ‰â‰¤Å¸G Â¿Ã‰Î¼Å¸G â€˜ ( ) IQÃ‰Â°TGE â„¢Â°V

                                               . Ï€YÃ‰Ã˜J Â¬Â«a Ã§Ã³Ã«j â€™ â€¦Ã²dG
IÃ³jÃ³L Ï€Â«dÃ‰ï¬ Ã‰eÃ³Ã®Ã Â°Ã¹e Ã¡â‰¤HÃ‰Â°Ã¹dG IÆ’Â£Ã¿G Ã³YCG ÂºK ,Ã¡Â¶aÃ‰â—ŠG hCG QÃ‰Ã‘Ã Nâ€™G Ã–Â«HÃ‰fCG âˆžÂ¶f
Ï€Ã©Â°Sh , IÃ´e Ï€c â€˜ ÃšÂ°UQÃ‰Ã¿G ÂºK Î©Æ’Â«Â°Ã¹Â«Ã¦ZÃ‰Å¸G ÂºK Ã³jÃ³â—ŠG ÂºK Â¢SÃ‰Ã«Ã¦dG Ã¸e Ã‰Â©Â£bh

     . Â¬eÃ³Y hCG Ï€YÃ‰Ã˜Ã dG Ã§hÃ³M â‰ˆâˆY Ã¡dGÃ³dG Ã¤GQÃ‰Â°TEâ€™Ã‰H âˆ«hÃ³Ã·G CÃ“eGh , âˆ‚JÃ‰Â¶MÃ“e

Â±Ã“Ã Nâ€™Gh Â¬HÃ‰Â°Ã»Ã dG Â¢Ã»bÃ‰f ,âˆ‚FÃ“eR ÃœQÃ‰Å’ Ã¨FÃ‰Ã Ã¦H âˆ‚HQÃ‰Å’ Ã¨FÃ‰Ã f Â¿QÃ‰b
                                              . Ã¨FÃ‰Ã Ã¦dG âˆšÃ²g ÃšH

â€˜ Â¬Ë˜Â«Ë˜âˆË˜Y Ã¤Ã³Ë˜ÂªË˜Ã Ë˜YG â€¦Ã²Ë˜dG Â¢SÃ‰Ë˜Â°SCâ€™G Ã‰Ë˜eh ,Ã‰Ë˜WÃ‰Ë˜Â°Ã»f ÃŒcCâ€™G Ã´Ë˜Â°Ã¼Ã¦Ë˜Â©Ë˜dG OÃ³Ë˜M
                                        ? Ã´Â°Ã¼Ã¦Â©dG GÃ²Â¡d âˆ‘QÃ‰Â«Ã NG

Ï€bCG Ï€Â°Ã¼J â‰ˆÃ M Â¬Â«âˆj â€¦Ã²dG ÂºK âˆ«hCâ€™G Ã´Â°Ã¼Ã¦Â©dG Ã¸e Ã‰WÃ‰Â°Ã»f Ï€bCâ€™G Ã´Â°Ã¼Ã¦Â©dG OÃ³M
GÃ²g Ï€Ã£Ã Ï€g .(Ã´NBG Ã´Â°Ã¼Ã¦Y â€¦CG Ï€ï¬ Ï€Ã«j â€™ â€¦Ã²dG) Ã‰WÃ‰Â°Ã»f Ã´Â°UÃ‰Ã¦Â©dG âˆšÃ²g

                             ?Ã´Â°UÃ‰Ã¦Â©dG âˆšÃ²Â¡d â€¢Ã‰Â°Ã»f Ã¡âˆÂ°Ã¹âˆÂ°S Ã–Â«JÃŽdG
â€˜ , Â¢SÃ‰Ã«Ã¦dG Â¥Æ’a Ã¸Î¼dh ÃšÂ°UQÃ‰Ã¿G Ã¢â€“ Ã³LÆ’j Â¢UÃ‰Â°UÃ´dG Â¿CG Ã¢ÂªâˆY GPGE
Ã¸Ë˜e Â¢UÃ‰Ë˜Â°UÃ´Ë˜dG Ã¤Ã‰Ë˜fÆ’Ë˜jCG Ã¡Ë˜dGREG Ã³Ë˜jÃ´Ë˜J âˆ‚fCGh ,Â»Ë˜FÃ‰Ë˜Â«Ë˜ÂªË˜Â«Ë˜Î¼Ë˜dG â€¢Ã‰Ë˜Â°Ã»Ã¦Ë˜dG âˆ«hÃ³Ë˜L
ÃšÂ°UQÃ‰Ã¿G Ã¸e Ã‰Â£jÃ´Â°T âˆ«Æ’âˆÃ™G â€˜ â„¢Â°â€ J Ï€Â¡a , Â¬Ã Â«ÂªÂ°S Ã¸e Ï€Â«âˆâ‰¤Ã âˆd ;âˆ«Æ’âˆÃ™G

                                     . âˆ‚Ã HÃ‰LEG Ã´Â°Ã¹a ? Â¢SÃ‰Ã«Ã¦dG Î©CG

                                  Double Displacement ÃªhOÃµÅ¸G âˆ«Ã“Mâ€™E G Ã¤Ã“YÃ‰Ã˜J
                             Ã¡Ë˜Ã‘Ë˜LÆ’Å¸G Ã¤Ã‰Ë˜fÆ’Ë˜jCâ€™G âˆ«OÃ‰Ë˜Ã‘Ë˜Ã Ë˜J Ã¤Ã“Ë˜YÃ‰Ë˜Ã˜Ë˜Ã Ë˜dG Ã¸Ë˜e Â´Æ’Ë˜Ë˜Ã¦Ë˜Ë˜dG GÃ²Ë˜Ë˜g â€˜
                             Â¿Ã‰Ë˜Ã‘Ë˜cÃ´Ë˜e Â¿Æ’Ë˜Î¼Ë˜Ã Ë˜Â«Ë˜d Ã‰Ë˜Â¡Ë˜YÃ‰Ë˜Â°VhCG ÃšÃ˜Ë˜âˆË˜Ã ï¬‚ ÃšÃ‘Ë˜cÃ´Ë˜e â€˜ (Ã¤Ã‰Ë˜fÆ’Ë˜Â«Ë˜JÃ‰Ë˜Î¼Ë˜dG)

                                           : Â»âˆj Ã‰Âªc Ï€YÃ‰Ã˜Ã dG GÃ²Â¡d Ã¡eÃ‰Â©dG Ã¡Â¨Â«Â°Ã¼dGh , Â¿GÃ³jÃ³L

                             WX + YZ                         WZ + YX

                             IOÃ‰e hCG AÃ‰Å¸G Â¿Æ’Î¼Ã j ÃªhOÃµÅ¸G âˆ«Ã“MEâ€™G Ã¤Ã“YÃ‰Ã˜J ÂºÂ¶Â©e â€˜h
                             Ã¡âˆYÃ‰Ã˜e Ã³Ã¦Y Ã¡Â°â€ Ã˜dG Ã³jOÆ’j Ã¸e Ã´Ã˜Â°UCG Ã–Â°SGQ Â¿Æ’Î¼Ã j Ã“Ã£Âªa , Ã¡Ã‘Â°SGQ

                               : Â»âˆj Ã‰Âªc (7-5 Ï€Î¼Â°Ã»dG) .Ã¡Â°â€ Ã˜dG Ã¤GÃ´Ã f â„¢e Î©Æ’Â«Â°SÃ‰JÆ’Ã‘dG Ã³jOÆ’j

Ã¡Â°â€ Ã˜dG Ã³jOÆ’j : (7-5) Ï€Î¼Â°Ã»dG  KI + AgNO                       AgI + KNO
                                                          3                               3

                                                                                             144</code></pre>
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